Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), like other complex conditions, manifests differently in each individual. Of course, there are common traits like isolation, drinking alone, uncontrolled drinking, frequent excuses for reckless behavior, and priority shifting focused on alcohol. But there are also factors that set them apart, like age, family history, co-occurring disorders, and symptom patterns that lead to unique patterns of alcohol use and related challenges.
Recognizing that not all alcoholics are the same helps break the stereotype and helps to tailor individual treatment approaches. According to a new study by scientists at the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, there are five different types of alcoholics.
Young Adult
Comprising approximately 31.5% of U.S. alcoholics, the YA subtype is the most prevalent. Individuals in this category typically begin drinking around age 18 with dependence established by 24. Predominantly male and in college, they often engage in binge drinking but drink less frequently overall. This group has lower rates of co-occurring mental health issues and seldom seeks treatment. They tend to fly under the radar because they’re young, socially active, and don’t see their drinking as a problem.
Young Antisocial
Accounting for 21% of alcoholics, this group starts drinking early in life. They typically start around the age of 15 and develop AUD by 18. Over half have a family history of alcoholism, and many are diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder. High rates of depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety are common, along with substantial substance use, including cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids. They also tend to have legal, financial, and relationship issues. A high-risk group with multiple challenges, approximately one-third seek help for their drinking.
Functional
Making up 19.5% of U.S. alcoholics, this subtype of alcoholics, also what’s known as a “functioning alcoholic,” are typically middle-aged, well-educated, and maintain stable jobs and families without legal issues – giving the appearance of success and stability. 60% are male and they often start drinking around 18 and develop dependence by 37. About one-third have a multigenerational family history of alcoholism, and nearly 50% are smokers. The only mental health issue they may experience is moderate depression. They give the impression that everything is fine while using alcohol to cope privately. In turn, their success can mask the severity of their drinking.
Intermediate Familial
This subtype represents 19% of alcoholics and includes middle-aged individuals where alcohol use runs in the family – about half have a family history of multigenerational alcoholism. Nearly half have experienced clinical depression, and 20% have had bipolar disorder. Most are smokers, and nearly one in five have issues with cocaine and marijuana use. Only 25% have sought treatment for their drinking problems.
Chronic Severe
The smallest group, at 9%, this subtype is the most complex and severe. It’s also what most people associate with the stereotypical image of alcoholism. Characterized by early onset of drinking and alcohol-related problems, nearly 80% have a family history of multigenerational alcoholism with the highest rates of Antisocial Personality Disorder and other psychiatric and mental disorders, including depression and anxiety. Substance dependencies are common, with high rates of smoking, marijuana, cocaine, and opioid use which can lead to frequent ER visits. There is a constant struggle with jobs, relationships, and legal issues. However, two-thirds seek help for their drinking problems, making them the most likely to go through treatment.
Recognizing these subtypes underscores the necessity for personalized treatment strategies. What works for one person won’t always work for another, which is why professional and personalized treatment is so critical.
If you recognize any of these traits in you or someone you know, our team is available around the clock at 800-604-2117 for private, no-obligation consultations. It’s crucial to seek professional help for effective treatment sooner than later. Recovery is possible.
